Fiscalidad dividendos flexibles, scrip dividends, Dividendos Elección y similares ejercicio 2015/2016/2017/2018/2019/2020 (declaración que se presenta en Mayo-Junio de 2016/2017/2018/2019/2020/2021)
El único cambio que hay a partir de 2015 respecto a la fiscalidad de los ”scrip dividend” es el de los nuevos tipos a pagar si se cobra en forma de dividendo (aunque no sea realmente un dividendo).
Para entender la fiscalidad de estas operaciones es importante tener en cuenta que, a pesar de su nombre, no son dividendos, sino ampliaciones de capital liberadas. Tienen unas pequeñas diferencias respecto a las ampliaciones de capial liberadas normales (como la compra de los derechos por las empresas a un precio fijo), pero son ampliaciones de capital liberadas, no dividendos.
En este hilo del foro puede ver el funcionamiento de los dividendos flexibles, script dividends y similares.
En realidad, la fiscalidad de los scrips dividends es la misma que la de las ampliaciones de capital liberadas y la de los dividendos (aunque no sean realmente dividendos), según lo que elija el inversor. Hasta 2016 incluido la fiscalidad es esta:
- Recibir las acciones nuevas: Esta opción es la de acudir a la ampliación de capital liberada, y por tanto tributa como una ampliación de capital liberada. Si María tiene 2.000 acciones de Telefónica compradas a 12,00 euros y recibe 64 acciones, pasa a tener 2.064 acciones de Telefónica compradas a 11,63 euros (24.000 / 2.064 = 11,63). Las 2.064 acciones son todas exactamente iguales, no hay diferencia entre ellas ni de precio de compra ni de fecha de compra (que es la de la compra de las 2.000 acciones originales).
- Vender los derechos en el mercado: Esto una venta de derechos de una ampliación de capital. María vende los derechos a 0,20 euros, y el broker le cobra una comisión de 5 euros. María recibe 395 euros (2.000 x 0,20 – 5), y no tiene ninguna retención de Hacienda por esos 395 euros que acaba de recibir en su cuenta. María sigue teniendo 2.000 acciones, cuyo precio de compra ha bajado a 11,80 euros (24.000 – 395 / 2.000 = 11,80). María no paga nada a Hacienda por esos 395 euros, ni en el momento de cobrarlos ni al hacer la declaración del IRPF. El precio de compra de María ha bajado, y cuando venda las acciones, si las vende, tendrá que calcular la plusvalía o minusvalía utilizando como precio de compra los nuevos 11,80 euros, en lugar de los 12,00 euros originales.
- Vender los derechos a la empresa a un precio fijo: Esto no es un dividendo, sino una venta de derechos en una ampliación de capital, pero tributa como si fuera un dividendo, con lo que en en 2021 se paga entre un 19% y un 26%.
Novedad desde 2017:
A partir de 2017 si la venta de los derechos se hace en el mercado, también se tiene una retención del 19%, y se paga según los mismos tramos (19% al 26%) al hacer la declaración del IRPF. Pero no se considera un dividendo (rendimiento del capital mobiliario), sino una plusvalía (ganancia patrimonial). Este matiz supone que si los derechos se venden en el mercado, se pueden compensar con pérdidas de acciones (o fondos de inversión, inmuebles, derivados, etc), pero si se venden a la empresa a un precio fijo, lo que se obtenga de esa venta no se pueden compensar con pérdidas.
Nota: Si buscas la fiscalidad de otro ejercicio distinto a este puedes encontrarla en la sección de Fiscalidad de las inversiones
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